Sources & Citations

Part of the U.S. Department of Justice, the Office for Victims of Crime leads federal efforts to support victims and strengthen services, training, and multidisciplinary responses to human trafficking nationwide.

Use the human trafficking overview, research resources, and training materials to review victim-centered guidance, federal tools, and national support strategies. Access the resources and research page and the training and technical assistance page for additional context.

The U.S. Department of Justice provides federal definitions, enforcement priorities, and public-facing guidance on sex trafficking and labor trafficking across the United States.

Review DOJ's human trafficking resources and definition page to understand legal standards, enforcement frameworks, and national reference materials. Access the resources page and the definition page for additional context.

As the nation's leading public health agency, the CDC provides prevention-focused information on sexual violence and sex trafficking, including risk factors, health impacts, and public health framing. Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Access CDC resources on sex trafficking and sexual violence to support training on health consequences, prevention, and survivor-informed public health responses. Access the sexual violence overview page and the communication resources page for additional context.

The research arm of the U.S. Department of Justice, the National Institute of Justice funds and synthesizes evidence on trafficking patterns, victimization, offender behavior, and system responses.

Explore NIJ's human trafficking topic pages and research portfolio to locate evidence-based findings and federally supported studies. Access the research portfolio and the overview page for additional context.

OJJDP supports national efforts to identify and respond to child sex trafficking through youth-focused resources, training opportunities, and juvenile justice guidance. Visit the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Use OJJDP's trafficking resource pages and youth-centered training materials to support content on minors, disclosure, and system coordination. Access the sex trafficking topic page and the training page for additional context.

The U.S. Department of Labor addresses labor trafficking through worker protection, awareness, and interagency coordination, with special emphasis on exploitation in employment settings.

Review the Department of Labor's human trafficking hub and explanatory pages to support labor trafficking definitions, workplace indicators, and federal response strategies. Access the approach page and the definition page for additional context.

The EEOC explains how human trafficking can intersect with employment discrimination and provides practical guidance on recognizing trafficking in workplace and youth employment contexts. Visit the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Use EEOC materials to reinforce labor trafficking indicators, workplace exploitation concerns, and rights-based response information. Access the youth guidance page for additional context.

The National Human Trafficking Hotline is a national victim-centered referral and reporting resource that connects callers, texters, and online users to help, safety planning, and local services.

Access the hotline homepage and help page to support training on reporting options, urgent assistance, and survivor resource pathways. Access the get help page for additional context.

Polaris is a nationally recognized anti-trafficking organization that operates the National Human Trafficking Hotline and publishes public education materials on trafficking patterns, myths, and survivor-centered responses.

Review Polaris's national education resources to support awareness content, trafficking myths and facts, and service-oriented prevention messaging. Access the myths, facts, and statistics page for additional context.

HEAL Trafficking is a national network of health professionals advancing evidence-informed, trauma-informed responses to human trafficking in healthcare settings.

Use HEAL Trafficking's protocol toolkit to support screening, healthcare response planning, and multidisciplinary survivor care guidance. Access the protocol toolkit for additional context.

NCMEC is a leading national child protection organization that provides education, analysis, and response resources related to child sex trafficking and exploitation. Visit the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children.

Explore NCMEC's trafficking materials to support content on minors, online exploitation risks, and child protection response systems. Access the trafficking issue page for additional context.

Shared Hope International is a national nonprofit focused on ending sex trafficking through prevention, restoration, justice initiatives, and policy-focused resources.

Use Shared Hope's resource library to support awareness, child and youth protection content, and system-level reform discussions. Access the resource library for additional context.

NSVRC serves as a national resource center on sexual violence prevention and response, including materials that address trafficking within broader sexual violence and victim advocacy frameworks. Visit the National Sexual Violence Resource Center.

Review NSVRC's guide for victim advocates to support crossover training on sexual violence, victim advocacy, and trafficking response. Access the guide for victim advocates for additional context.

RAINN is a national anti-sexual violence organization that provides survivor resources, public education, and policy information relevant to trafficking and sexual exploitation.

Use RAINN's national materials and policy pages to support victim assistance, legal context, and sexual exploitation awareness content. Access the policy and justice page for additional context.

The Human Trafficking Institute publishes practitioner-oriented research, state reports, and legal system analysis to improve anti-trafficking outcomes across the United States.

Access the institute's state reports and research materials to support data-informed discussions of prosecution, system capacity, and national trends. Access the state reports for additional context.

Urban Institute contributes rigorous policy research on human trafficking, including labor trafficking, service systems, victimization processes, and justice responses.

Use Urban Institute's trafficking research portfolio and labor trafficking publications to support evidence-based policy and systems content. Access the labor trafficking report for additional context.

The Vera Institute of Justice develops practical tools and research to improve justice system responses, including trafficking identification and victim screening resources.

Review Vera's trafficking identification tool and user guidelines to support screening, case review, and informed service response practices. Access the identification tool and user guidelines for additional context.

NCTSN provides child trauma resources developed by clinical and child-serving experts, including materials on sex trafficking, trauma impact, and screening approaches for youth. Visit the National Child Traumatic Stress Network.

Use NCTSN's trafficking resources and screening tools to support trauma-informed content for children and adolescents affected by trafficking. Access the screening tools for additional context.